Fatima and the University of al-Qarawiyyin
Fatima ki'gang'kwan me’al-Qarawiyyin
Bot’lo’kwan ma’i’cani ki me’anyim,
Pwoc’boti pi’kwanyo caa’mi’kwano lok’man. Ageno’ni i’nongo ni’kwanyo ma’dwong ki'iye. An’acako’coyo coc’man, i’mwoka elip-ariyo ki’pyer-ariyo-wiye-angwen; I’ngom p’Gadigal, i’Eora [Sydney], i’Australia, i’dwe mi’apar’acel. A’tyego coyo’ne, i’mwoka elip-ariyo ki’pyer-ariyo-wiye-abic, I’lobo p’jo’Korea, i’Seoul, i’dwe’mi’abicel I ndoopress.com.
Coc’eni o’bedo coc’mi’adek i’kom’adek (3/3) ma’lok i’kom’jo’Morocco. I’coc mi’acaki a’gudo’lok ma’dok i’kom gang’gwan mi’acaki i’Fez. Ento’abedo’ka’tamo tam’i’di lok’ne, a’nongo’ni lok’mi gang’kwan mi’acaki’ni pire’tek’mi’donyo idi’lok’ne, en’o’weko tin’wa'ok i'nyik'lok'ne ki'kome'i'coc'mane'ni. Coc’man tye’coc mi’agiki ma’dok i’kom’Morocco. 🇲🇦
Kar’ma'gi’lwongo’ni Fez'ni o'cake i’mwoka miya’abiro ki'pyer'aboro'wiye'abongwen (789 CE). La'coo ma'o'yabo kar'ne gi'lwongo'ni Idris II (me'ariyo); ngat’ma'o'bedo la’ker lakwat ma'gi’lwongo’ni Muhammad ﷲ ﷺ. I'kare'me'dongo'lobo, Fez, obi'bedo dok'dyere ma'lo’mak'cik ki'lo'lega bino'iye ki'kar’mapat'pat idi’Maghreb (tenge’me'acam i'lobo'p'Arab; i’kumalo me’acam i’Africa). I'kar'mane'bene, i'nongo lo'kwan, lo'cat, ki'lo’dor'caal ki’tum'me'kar ma'gi'lwongo'ni Mediterranean’ni'duc.
Ma'ok'mwoka miya'aboro (9th century), ka'bedo'gi ariyo'ni—‘Adwat al-Andalus ki‘Adwat al-Qarawiyyin—obi’nyute'doki dyere'ma'ribo kaka i’yoo ma'guro a’yubo'p’jo’Andalus, bedo'p'jo’Imashaghen, ki'kwan'p'Arab. I’cwiny’ka’gur’man; o’cungo'gang’kwan ma'gi'lwongo'ni University me’al-Qarawiyyin, gang'kwan ma'yub’ne twero'turo'ngec ma'wa’tamo’ni wa'ngeyo pi'kwan’ma'con ki'twero'p'mon i'kare'ma’con -- ma'rye'i'lok ma'dok i'kom'kwan.
Coc'mane'ni neno'cake ki'dongo'p'gang'kwan ma'gi'lwongo'ni al-Qarawiyyin i’yoo'ma’romo’adek. I'acak wa'cako'ki neno’lok’ma'dok i'kom'ngat ma'o'yabo'gang’kwan’ne, Fatima al-Fihri i, i'mwoka miya'aboro (9th Century), ka'wa'donyo'i’lok ma'dok’i’kom’pwony’ne ma'o'ribo lo'lega'Cilam kar'acel ki'kit’kwan ma'tiro’ki'cako lok'me'kwan i'lobo'p'muni'gi, ka'wa'bi'tyego ki’neno kit'ma’gang'kwan’ne obi'loco'kwan ki'jami'ma lo'pwonyo wa'i'kare’man.
Gang'kwan p’Fatima al-Fihri ma'gi’lwongo’ni University me’al-Qarawiyyin’ni, caake'ne i’mwoka miya'aboro-ki’pyer'abic'wiye'abongen (859 CE) obi'rwate’ki kare'ma’cik, ryeko, ki'bedo p'dano'me tum’ma'gi’lwongo’ni Maghreb i'kumalo'me acam'i'Afrika o’nongo'tye ka’nya’ki’loce oyot'oyot; ma’rye i'Fez. Lega'p'Fatima o’bedo lega'p'jo'Cilam, gang'kwaro’ne o’bedo’p'jo'me Tunisia, lonyo'ne’kono, ma'mo’obi'cweyo ki'gang'kwan me'dongo'ngec p’kaka pi'kare'me'anyim’ni, o’bedo’lonyo ma’wone—la'coo ma'o’bedo'doki la'caat'madit—o’weko'bote ki’la’mine i'nge'too'ne. I'tam'ne’o'nongo o’mito’tic'ki'lim'ne i'lok’ma’dok i'kom'gero'ot'lega; ento, o’neno'ni pire'tek me'yubo'kar’mo ma'guro'lo'kwan ki'lo'ryeko kar'acel'i'gang'gi ma'tye'ka dongo'oyot'oyot'ni.
Geto'ot'lega-gang'kwan ma'Fatima o'geto'ni, o'bedo'pi cungo'ne ma'o'cungo i'lok’me'lega. Ka'wa'kwano coc'ma’Abi Zar o'coyo’i'mwoka elip'apar'ariyo (13th-century), i’kitaab ma'gi'lwongo'ni Al-Anis Al-Mutrib, wa'neno'ni Fatima’o'kwange’ni en'pe'i'caamo'cam wang'ma’ka'geto ot'lega-gang'kwan’mane obi'tum. Geto’ne o'lube’ki kit'geto'ma'dongo ma'i’kare'ca, i'nongo'nyim ot'gi’yaabo'oo ma'lac'weki dano'o'gure'iye, ngom'ne'nongo o’ngweko'ki'cemente ma'o'pilo'oo ma'pwot, ki'wii'ot’mabor me'lwongo'dano ka'caa’me lega’o’romo. Geto'ne’bene obedo'ki ot'kwan (ma'gwoko'kitab), pwony, ki'ka’bedo'bot lo’tino'kwan. Ot'kwan'ne o'gwoko kitab'ne kato'elip, ma'dok'i'kom’lega wa'i'jami ma'nyuto'ngec me'kwano'la’tyer’gi.
Fatima al-Fihri, obi'gak doki'nying ma'dano coyo'piny doki'ngat'ma o’cako’gang'kwan. Nying’ne’mo ma’gi’lwongo’en kwede’o’bedo “min’awobe.” O'nywalo’Fatima i'gang'p'lo'cat ma'o’lony i'Tunisia; i'kare'ma a'kala'kala o’bedo'tye i'kin rwot'ker mi’Abbasid, lo'nyodo'p'Fatima gi'dak'i’Fez idi'Morocco. La’min’Fatima, Mariam, o’bedo'ki'tam me'tic'ki’cene’ne i’yoo’ma’dok i'kom’yubo gang'lega, en’bene ki'cene’ne, obi'yubo gang'lega ma'gi’lwongo’ni Al-Andalus Mosque. Ento’la'mine, tam'ne obi'bedo dit'o'loyo p'Mariam, en’o’mito kar’mo'ma pe'bi'bedo'doki gang'lega'kiken ento'bi'guro’dano i’kwan-ki’lega.
Tam'p'li’mego’ariyo'ni, obi'tum'i'mwoka miya'aboro-ki’pyer'abic'wiye'abongwen (859 CE), nying’kar’ne gi'lwongo'ni ga'gure'me’Al-Qarawiyyin onyo’Al-Qarawiyyin complex, nying'ma’lubo ki'gang'kwaro'gi i’Kairouan i’gang’kwaro’gi i’Tunisia. Fatima'o'mito’ni kar'lega'ne pe'o’bedi'caalo kar'lega'mokene'gi; itam'ne, kit’ma'o'coyo'kwede i’mwoka elip-apar’ariyo'ni (13th-century) i'kitab'p’Ibn Abi Zar, ma'nyinge Al-Anis Al-Mutrib, o'mito yubo’kar’ma “ngec'nongo’ne yot’caalo nongo'pii.” Gang'kwan ma’o'pore’ki al-Qarawiyyin caalo’Nalanda University i'India ma'ponyo'lega p'jo'Buddhist; kadi'ka'pore, pat'ne’pwodi’tye—ma’loyo'o'bedo jami'ma’lo’pwonyo’iye. I'gang'kwan p'Fatima, al-Qarawiyyin, dano'kwano jami'ma'dok i'kom'lega (Cilam), kwano'la’tyer, pim’p'dakta, ki'la'met.
Kar’mar'Fatima’o'yabo gang'kwan’ne’iye'ni gi’lwongo’ni Fez, kar'mane'dano ma'pol o’coyo’pire; ka’i'kwano coc’p'Arab; i'nongo'i'ye, ka’i'kwano coc’p'lo’loka; i'nongo'bot'gi’bene. Mane'ni’nyuto jol'ma’Fez jolo'ki'lo'wot ki'lo’kwan ki'kar'mapat’pat ma’gi’bino’ki’iye’ni. Lo'nen'piny ma'dongo i'lobo'p'Arab caalo’Al-Bakri (i'mwoka elip'apar; 11th Century) o'boro'teko ma'jo'Fez gi'geto'ki'ot ki'oc'gi—Bab Mahrouk ki’Bab Guissa—ma'gwoko'ngec ki'ryeko'gi. Lo'wot'me lobo'p'munu caalo’Leo Africanus’bene o’pako'cuuk'gi; ni'cuuk'ne “o'pong'ki’bongi ki'cam'ma’ngwece’kurr.”
Gang'kwan’ne obi'loke'doki kar'ma'guro jami’magi ki'mokene ma'beco'duc i'kar'acel. I'mwoka elip-ariyo ki’apar-abicel (2016), la’geto mi'Morocco ma'nyinge’Aziza Chaouni obi’dwoko ot’kwan’ne kit'ma'yam tye'kwede. I'caani, ot’kwan'ne gwoko'kitaab ma'kato elip'angwen (>4000), i'kin'kitaab’ne i'nongo kitaab'me'lega p'Cilam (Quran) ma’o’coyo'i'del p'Kamel i’mwoka miya’aboro (9th-century) ki'coc'p’Ibn Khaldun, Muqaddimah. Jami’magi pe'o’bedo jami’ma'yam’con’nono, o’bedo’jami ma'nyuto kit'ma'ka’bedo ma'gi’lwongo’ni Fez'ni o’bedo kar'ma’o’gwoko’ngec i'kare'ma'lobo’p'munu o'nongo'tye i'col'piny (Dark Ages).
Gang'kwan me’Al-Qarawiyyin pire’pe'tek'i'lok ma’dok'i'kom kwan’kiken. Mic’ma’gi'lwongo'ni waqf; ribo’cing’i’lok ma’dok’i’kom culo’kwan o'loco kit'ma’cul me'gang'kwan lo'culo'kwede i'kare’me’anyim, kit'cul'mane gang'kwan caalo’Oxford obi'lubo'bene. Bene, gang'kwan’p'Fatima obi'loke'doki kar'me'pwonyo ki'donyo'i'lok ma'dok’i'kom bedo’ki'kaka mapat’pat. Wod'judeyo ma'gi’lwongo’ni Maimonides o'kwano'kany, inget'lo'kwan me’Cilam ki’Pope Sylvester II – ma'inge’kwan'ne i'Fez, obi'kelo met'p'jo'Arab ma'gi’lwongo’ni (Arabic Numerals) idi'Europe.
I'caani, dongo'lobo tye'ka'mede o'yot'o'yot ma'jo'Fez tye'ka'neno ka'ngec'ma'con tye'ka'rweny ki'wang'gi, diro'ki'teko p’al-Qarawiyyin twero'bedo'dok la'por'me’nyuto kit'me'wa’twero gwoko’ngec ma’con’kadi’ka dongo’lobo’tye ka’bino. Gang'kwan'mane tye’i'cing ngat'ma'nene lok'ma'dok i'kom'kwan i'Morocco (Morocco’s Ministry of Education), ma'pwonyo lok'ma'dok i'kom'lega'Cilam ki'Arab, i'kom’mane'bene jo’UNESCO ki’Guinness World Records ki'coyo’kar'ne doki’gang'kwan ma'orii'ka'tic o'loyo’mo kiken’i'wilobo bene’ogwoko’doki ka'ma'pire'tek.
University me’al-Qarawiyyin, gang'kwan p’Fatima al-Fihri’mane’ni o’caake i’mwoka miya'aboro-ki’pyer'abic'wiye'abongen (859 CE), obi'rwate’ki kare'ma’cik, ryeko, ki'bedo p'dano'me kar’ma'gi’lwongo’ni Maghreb i'kumalo'me acam'i'Afrika o’nongo'tye ka’nya’ki’loce oyot'oyot; ma’rye idi’iye kwija'i'Fez. Lega'p'Fatima o’bedo lega'p'jo'Cilam gang'kwaro’ne o’bedo’p'jo'me Tunisia. Lonyo'ne ma'mokene obi'cweyo ki'gang'kwan me'dongo'ngec p’kaka pi'kare'me'anyim’ni, obedo’lonyo ma’wone—la'coo ma'obedo'doki la'caat'madit—omiyo'bote i'nge'too'ne. I'tam'ne’o'nongo mito’tiyo'ki'lonyo'ne i'yoo’ma’dok i'kom'geto'ot'lega, ento'o’neno'ni pire'tek me'yubo'kar’mo ma'guro'lo'kwan ki'lo'ryeko kar'acel'i'gang'gi ma'tye'ka dongo'oyot'oyot'ni.
Kom'gang'gi, Fez'ni, la'coo ma'nyenge Idris me’ariyo'ni (Idris II) o’yabo i'mwoka miya'abiro-ki’pyer'aboro’wiye'abongwen (789 CE). O'yabo'kar'mane pyen’ngom'ne o’bedo'dyere'ma twere'guro’jo'me ku'piny (sub-Saharan) me'Afrika, lobo'p'Arab (Cilam) ki’naam ma'gi'lwongo'ni Mediterranean’ni’duc. I'mwoka ma'romo miya'aboro (9th century), Fez obi'bedo'doki kar'ne ma’Idris’o’tamo’ni bi’bedo’kwede’ni adar’o’kuro kaka'mapat'pat ki’Tunisa, Andalusia, ki'kar'ma'pol. Gure'magi ma'kaka'mapat'pat twero'guro i'Fez'ni, o'wake'kar'ne obi'nyute'rirye’ni kar'ma’bi'twero bedo'kar'ma guro'ngec mapat'pat.
Kit'cwec’ne gi’lwongo’ni Adwat al-Andalus (cwec’p'jo Andalus), Adwat al-Qarawiyyin (cwec'p'jo Qarawiyyin); ka'bedo'ki cwec'magi o'guro bedo'p'kaki mapat'pat idi'Fez, caalo Arab, Imazighen, ki'jo’Andalus. En'i'kar'bedo mane'ma'guro kaki'mapat'pat’gi, Fatima, o'caake’ki tam'ne'me geto'ot'lega ma'i'anyim bi’loke'doki gang'kwan ma'rii'ka guro'lo’tini'kwan ma'loyo'i'wi’lobo’duc’ni.
Pwony'ma'lotini kwan'ma'por ki'gang'kwan’mane kato'ki'iye kodo'ne’tero'kare pyen'jami'ma'beco'ne dwong'a’tar, me'nyango'ne pire'tek'me ngiye’kor'gi kikit'ma lo’tini'kwan'ne gi'bi'mako tic'gi'ma'cwing'gi'oyero. Lapor'ne en'obedo:
Ibn Khaldun (1332- 1406), laco'ma'pol'lo'kwan neno'doki won'kwan ma'gi’lwongo’ni sociology ki’historiography. O’kwano i’al-Qarawiyyin ma'pwod'bong o’caki'coyo'kitaab’ne ma'gi’lwongo’ni Muqaddimah, coc'ma'nyuto cake'ki'tur me'dongo'lobo ki'lok'ma'dok i'kom'kit'me'bedo kar'acel'i'kin'kaki (asabiyyah); jami'ma'wa'i'caani pire'pwod'tek. Kido'coc'pere ki'tam'ne o'bi'yabo'wang lo’coc’caalo Vico and Toynbee.
Ibn Rushd (Averroes, 1126–1198) kono’o’ribo ngec'p'munu ki'p’Cilam’kar'acel i'kom’pwony p'la’coo'ma gi'lwongo'ni Aristotle. Cungo'ne'ma’tek i'kom'gwoko pwony'p'Aristotle’man; ma'o'nongo Al-Ghazali tye’ka'turo'ne o’keto'en doki’ngat'ma'o'maro i'kare'gi'ma’con idi'Europe, i’nongo'kwede coc'ma'en o'kobo'obi'bedo jami'ma'lo'pwonyo i'cake me'gang'kwan idi’Europe.
Ot'kwan'me Al-Qarawiyyin gwoko'kitabu'ma'kato elip'angwen (>4000), i'kom'kitab'ne wa'twero'nongo Koran me'i’mwoka miya'aboro (9th Century) ki'coc'p'Ibn Khaldun ma’o'coyo ki'cinge ma'gi'lwongo'ni Muqaddimah, coc’ma'pwonyo lotini'kwan ma'pol'ki wi’lobo'duc. Coc’cok'eni, i'mwoka elip'ariyo ki'apar'abicel (2016), mego’ma'gi’lwongo’ni Aziza Chaouni obi'nongo yoo'me'dwoko coc'gi ki'ot'kwan’ne kit'ma'o'nongo'tye kwede ‘i'kare’ma'con.
Yot'bot’wa me'tamo'ni pyen’al’Qarawiyyin o’bedo'gang'kwan, pol'jami'ne ma'beco en'o'bedo’jami ma'dok'i’kom’kwan ki’ken, ento'ka'wa'ngiyo mot'‘wa'twero neno'ni’pwony me’al-Qarawiyyin o'loco'di gang'me’Fez, lobo’mi'Morocco, ki’lobo'p'Cilam’duc. Fez'o'bedo'kar ma'o'guro'kaka ki'dano ki'kar'mapat’pat o'weko'i'mwoka elip’apar-abongwen ki'pyer'aboro'wiye'acel (1981) ka'bedo'ne UNESCO o'keto’doki’kar'ma'myero’o’gwoki.
Kit'ma'wa'neno'nin'ni gang'kwan'ni adar'o'kelo lo’tino'kwan ki'kar’mapat'pat; pire'tek bene'mi'ngeyo'ni gang'kwan'ne o'kelo'lo'lega ki'kar'ma'pat'pat bene, mo'kene pe'lego'lega'Cilam. Lapor'ne'en o'bedo'la'Judeyo ma'gi’lwongo’ni Maimonides ma'o'lega'acel'acel i'kom'o'megi'ne me'Cilam. I'kom'mane'bene la'dini ma'gi’lwongo’ni Pope Sylvester me’ariyo (II) o'tyego'kwan'ne i'Fez, o'kelo'la’kwan ma'kom'caani wa’tiyo’kwede’doki met'ni (lamet; numerals) idi'Europe. Ribe'magi i'nongo’o'coyo i’kitab'caalo Jani Zahrat Al-As p'Al-Jaznai’ni ki’coc p'Roger Le Tourneau ma'nyuto'kit ma'gang'kwan'ni o'guro'lo'lega ki'dano me'kar'mapat'pat.
I'kare'ma'French gi’temo'diyo'kwan'gi p'munu, al-Qarawiyyin o'kwero, ento'gi'mede ki'ye'dongo'lobo i'yoo'ma'bino kwede'mapat. I’mwoka’elip-apar'abongwen ki'pyer'abicel'wiye'adek (1963), gi'ribe'ki'dul'kwan me'idi'Morocco, gi'mede'ki'miyo pwony'ma'dok'i'kom cik'me'Cilam, lep'Araab, ki'jami'ma'dok i'kom science'gi. Gang'kwan’ni o’cungo’pi'kony ma'dano’miyo (waqf), ka'i'ngiyo’mot, gang'kwan ma'o'rii’i'lobo caalo'Oxford ki'Cambridge’gi, i’neno’rii’ne en'o'bedo i'yoo'acel’acel me’miyo'kony kit’ma’gi pwonyo’kwede’ki al-Qarawiyyin’ni.
al-Qarawiyyin nyuto'botwa’teko ma'dok'i'kom kwan ki'kit'ma’kwan loco'kwede dano kar’acel’acel ki'wi'lobo'ducu. I'kom'gurr ma'al-Qarawiyyin o’guro’ki lotino'kwan ma'kwano'jami mapat'pat ki'gwoko'ngec ma'con'ma'pire'tek, i'neno'gang'kwan mane'obi'kelo dongo'lobo i’lobo'Cilam ki'idi'Europe’bene. Yer'ma'oyee’ni tye'doki ka'ma'myero ogwoki (UNESCO) ki’gang'kwan ma'o'rii’i'lobo o'loyo'mo’kiken (Guinness World Records); nyuto’ni’ngec o'bedo'jami ma'ngat mo'kiken ki’wi'lobo'yengo pe'o'koyo'del'komi, lega'ni, o’nyo'kar'ma'i'bino ki'iye.
I’agiki, al-Qarawiyyin o'cungo'doki gang'kwan ma'nyuto'mara ma'wi'lobo o'maro'pi'kwan ki’yenyo’ngec ma'cwiny'gi o’cwayo'gin'i’ye. Bene'nyuto kit'ma I’mwoka miya'aboro-ki’pyer'abic'wiye'abongen (859 CE), pi’tela'p'Fatima, gang'me Fez'obi’guro'dano ki’kar'bedo'mapol. Pwony'kiken ma'o'pwonyo iye'obi'bedo doki'pwony me'a'pora i'lok'ma'dok i'kom'jiri me'Cilam; i'kom'mane'bene, gwok'ma'gi'gwoko ki'pwony'gi ma'con obi'yabo’yoo bot'muni ka’nongo’ngec i'kare'gi me'Renaissance.
Pire'tek’bot'wa me’ngeyo'ni, caake'gang’kwan me’al-Qarawiyyin o'nyuto'rirye’ni Fatima’o'bedo ngat'ma’tamo pi'jami’me’anyim– pe'pi'en'kiken, ento'pi'kaka wa'dano'ma’nyen ma'bino'i'gang’gi me'Fez– i'nongo nen'ne ma'neno’jami me'anyim’o'weko ka'bedo'gi obi'guro lotini’kwan ki'kaki'mapat'pat. Coc'mane'ni o'bedo coc'me'agiki i'lok'madok'i'kom jo'Morocco.
Ageno'ni wa'ribe'i'kar ma'nyen i'coc'me'anyim.
Apwoyo,
Kémis [خميس], wIkM
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