Bot’lo’kwan ma’i’cani ki me’anyim,
Pwoc’boti pi’kwanyo’caa mi’kwano lok’man. Ageno’ni i’nongo ni’kwanyo ma’dwong ki’iye. Acako’coyo coc’man, i’mwoka elip-ariyo ki’pyer-ariyo-wiye-angwen; I’ngom p’Gadigal, i’Eora [Sydney], Australia, i’dwe Cubalcel (dwe’me’apar’acel). Atyeko coyo’coc’ne i’mwoka elip-ariyo ki’pyer-ariyo-wiye-abic, I’lobo p’jo’Korea, i’Seoul, i’dwe Lucoto (dwe’me’abicel) I: ndoopress.com.
Coc’eni o’bedo coc’me’adek i’kom’adek (3/3) ma’lok i’kom’jo’Morocco. I’coc me’acaki agudo’lok ma’dok i’kom gang’gwan me’acaki i’Fez'ni. Ento, abedo’ka tamo’tam idi’lok’ne; a’nongo’ni lok’me gang’kwan me’acaki’ni pire’tek’me’yaro di’lok’ne, en’o’weko tin’wa'ok i'nyik'lok'ne. Coc’man tye’coc me’agiki ma’dok i’kom’Morocco. 🇲🇦
Kar’ma gi’lwongo’ni Fez o'cake i’mwoka miya-abiro ki'pyer-aboro-wiye-abongwen (789 CE); la'coo ma'o'nongo kar'ne gi'lwongo'ni Idris II (me'ariyo); ngat’ma'o'bedo la’ker p’lakwat ma'gi’lwongo’ni Muhammad ﷲ ﷺ. I'kare'me'dongo'lobo, Fez, obi'bedo dok'dyere ma'lo’mak'cik ki'lo'lega bino'iye ki'kar’mapat'pat idi’Maghreb (i’kumalo me’acam i’Africa; tenge’p’Arab). Bene, I'kare'mane, i'nongo lo'kwan, lo'cat, ki'lo’dor'caal ki’tum'me'kar ma'gi'lwongo'ni Mediterranean ka'gure’iye.
Ma'ok'mwoka miya'aboro (9th century), ka'bedo'gi ariyo'ni—‘Adwat al-Andalus ki‘Adwat al-Qarawiyyin—obi’nyute'doki dyere'ma'ribo kaka’i’yoo ma'guro yub'p’jo’Andalus, bedo'p'jo’Imashaghen, ki'kwan'p'Arab. I’dyere me’gur’man, cungo'gang’kwan ma'gi'lwongo'ni University me’al-Qarawiyyin, gang'kwan ma'yub’ne twero'turo'ngec ma'wa’tamo’ni wa'ngeyo pi'kwan’ma'con ki'twero'p'mon i'kare'ma’con—ma'rye'i'lok ma'dok i'kom'kwan.
Coc'man neno'cake ki'dongo'p'gang'kwan ma'gi'lwongo'ni al-Qarawiyyin i’yoo ma’pat'pat ma'romo’adek. I'acaki, wa'neno’lok ma'dok i'kom'ngat ma'o'yabo gang’kwan’ne, Fatima, i'mwoka miya'aboro (9th Century), ka'wa'donyo'i’lok ma'dok’i’kom’pwony’ne ma'o'ribo lo'lega'Cilam kar'acel ki'kit’kwan ma'tiro’ki'cako lok'me'kwan i'Europe, wa'bi'tyego ki’neno kit'ma gang'kwan’ne obi'loco'kwan ki'jami'ma lo'pwonyo wa'i'kare’ma'cani.
Gang'kwan p’Fatima al-Fihri ma'gi’lwongo’ni University me’al-Qarawiyyin’ni, caake'ne i’mwoka miya-aboro-ki’pyer-abic-wiye-abongen (859 CE), obi'rwate’ki nya’ki’loce ma'dok kom’cik, ryeko, ki'bedo p'dano'me tum’ma'gi’lwongo’ni Maghreb i'kumalo'me acam'i'Afrika; ma’rye i'Fez. Fatima o’bedo’Cilam ma'gang'kwaro’ne tye'i'Tunisia. Lonyo'ne’kono, ma'mokene obi'cweyo ki'gang'kwan me'dongo'ngec p’kaka i'kare'me'anyim’ni, o’bedo’lonyo ma’wone—la'coo ma'o’bedo'doki la'caat'madit—o’weko'bote ki’la’mine i'nge'too'ne. O'nongo I’tam’ne, o’mito’tic'ki'lim'ne i'lok’ma’dok i'kom'gero'ot'lega; ento, o’neno'ni pire'tek me'yubo'kar’mo ma'guro'lo'kwan ki'lo'ryeko kar'acel'i'gang'gi ma'tye'ka dongo'oyot'oyot'ni.
Geto'ot'lega-gang'kwan ma'Fatima o'geto'ni, o'bedo'pi cungo'ne ma'o'cungo i'lok’me'lega. Ka'wa'kwano coc'ma’Abi Zar o'coyo’i'mwoka elip-apar-ariyo (13th-century), i’kitabu ma'gi'lwongo'ni Al-Anis Al-Mutrib, wa'neno'ni Fatima o'kwange’ni, “en'pe'e'camo'cam wang'ma’ka’geto ot'lega-gang'kwan’ne obi'tum.” Geto’ne o'lube’ki geto'ma'dongo me'i’kare'ca; nyim’ot'gi’yaabo ma'lac'weki dano'o'gure'iye, ngom'ne'nongo o’ngweko'ki'cemente ma'o'pilo'oo ma'pwot, ki'wii'ot’mabor me'lwongo'dano ka'caa’me lega’o’romo. Geto'ne’bene o’bedo'ki ot'kwan (ma'gwoko'kitabu), pwony, ki'ka’bedo'bot lo’tino'kwan. Ot'kwan'ne o'gwoko kitab'ne kato'elip (>1000), ma'dok'i'kom’lega wa'i'jami ma'nyuto'ngec me'kwano'la’tyer’gi.
Fatima al-Fihri, obi'gak doki'nying ma'dano coyo'piny doki'ngat'ma o’cako’gang'kwan. Nying’ne’mo ma’gi’lwongo’en kwede’o’bedo: “Min’Awobe.” O'nywalo’Fatima i'gang'p'lo'cat ma'o’lony i'Tunisia; i'kare'ma a'kala'kala o’bedo'tye i'kin rwot'ker me’Abbasid, lo'nyodo'p'Fatima gi'dak'i’Fez, Morocco. La’min’Fatima, Mariam, o’bedo'ki'tam me'tic'ki’cente’ne i’yoo’ma’dok i'kom’yubo ot'lega, en’bene ki'cene’ne, obi'yubo ot'lega'ne ma'o'bi’lwongo’ni Al-Andalus Mosque. Ento’la'mine, Fatima, tam'ne obi'bedo dit'o'loyo p'Mariam, en’o’mito kar’mo ma’pe'bi'bedo doki’ot'lega'kiken—o'mito kar'ma'bi'guro'dani i’kwan-ki’lega.
Tam'p'li’mego’ariyo'ni, obi'tum'i'mwoka miya'aboro-ki’pyer-abic-wiye-abongwen (859 CE), nying’kar’ne gi'lwongo'ni ga'gure'me’Al-Qarawiyyin onyo’Al-Qarawiyyin complex, nying'ma’lubo ki'gang'kwaro'gi i’Kairouan i’kar’p’lonyodo’gi i’Tunisia. Fatima, o'mito’ni kar'lega'ne pe'o’bedi'calo kar'lega'mo’kene'gi; itam'ne, kit’ma'o'coyo'kwede i’mwoka elip-apar-ariyo'ni (13th-century) i'kitab'p’Ibn Abi Zar, ma'nyinge Al-Anis Al-Mutrib, o'mito yubo’kar’ma, “ngec'nongo’ne yot’caalo nongo'pii.” Gang'kwan ma’o'pore’ki al-Qarawiyyin caalo’Nalanda University i'India ma'ponyo'lega p'jo'Buddhist; kadi'ka'pore, pat'ne’pwodi’tye—ma’loyo'o'bedo jami'ma’lo’pwonyo’iye. I'gang'kwan p'Fatima, al-Qarawiyyin, dano'kwano jami'ma'dok i'kom'lega (Cilam), kwano'la’tyer, pim’p'dakta, ki'la'met.
Kar’ma'Fatima’o'yabo gang'kwan’iye gi’lwongo’ni Fez, kar'mane'dano ma'pol o’coyo’pire; ka’i'kwano coc’p'Arab; i'nongo'i'ye, ka’i'kwano coc’p'lo’loka; i'nongo'iye’bene. Mane'ni’nyuto jol'ma’Fez gi’jolo'ki'lo'wot ki'lo’kwan ki'kar'mapat’pat ma’gi’bino’ki’iye'duc. Lo'nen'piny ma'dongo i'lobo'p'Arab caalo’Al-Bakri (i'mwoka elip'apar; 11th Century) o'pako'teko ma'jo'Fez gi'geto'ki'ot ki'oc'gi—Bab Mahrouk ki’Bab Guissa—ma'gwoko'ngec ki'ryeko'gi. Lo'wot me’lobo'p'munu, caalo’Leo Africanus’bene o’pako'cuuk'gi; ni'cuuk'ne “o'pong'ki’bongi ki'cam'ma’ngwece’kurr.”
Al-Qarawiyyin obi'loke'doki kar'ma'guro jami’magi ki'mokene ma'beco'duc i'kar'acel. I'mwoka elip-ariyo ki’wiye-apar-abicel (2016), la’geto me'Morocco ma'nyinge’Aziza Chaouni obi’roco ot’kwan’ne kit'ma'yam tye'kwede. I'cani, ot’kwan'ne gwoko'kitabu ma'kato elip'angwen (>4000), i'kin'kitabu’ne i'nongo me'lega p'Cilam (Quran) ma’o’coyo'i'del p'kinaga i’mwoka miya’aboro (9th-century) ki'coc'p’Ibn Khaldun, Muqaddimah. Jami’magi pe'o’bedo me'kwaro’kiken; nyuto’kit'ma ka’bedo ma'gi’lwongo’ni Fez o’gwoko’ngec i'kare'ma'lobo’p'munu o'nongo'tye i'col'piny.
Gang'kwan me’al-Qarawiyyin pire’pe'tek i'lok ma’dok i'kom’kwan’kiken, waqf, mic’me ribo’cing’i’lok ma’dok’i’kom culo’kwan ma'o’loco kit'ma’cul ma'luculo gang'kwan’kwede ma’gang'kwan caalo’Oxford obi'lubo'bene, en'o'caake i'’al-Qarawiyyin. I'kom'mane, gang'kwan’p'Fatima obi'loke'doki kar'me'pwonyo ki'donyo'i'lok ma'dok’i'kom bedo’ki'kar'acel ki'kaki mapat’pat. Wod'Judeyo ma'gi’lwongo’ni Maimonides o'kwano i'gang'kwan'ne; inget'lo'kwan me’Cilam ki’Pope Sylvester II – ma'inge’kwan'ne i'Fez, obi'kelo met'p'jo'Arab ma'gi’lwongo’ni (Arabic Numerals) idi'Europe.
I'caani, dongo'lobo tye'ka'mede o'yot'o'yot ma'jo'Fez tye'ka'neno ka'ngec'ma'con tye'ka'rweny ki'wang'gi. Diro'ki'teko p’al-Qarawiyyin twero'bedo'dok la'por'me’nyuto kit'me'wa’twero gwoko’ngec ma’con’kadi’ka dongo’lobo’tye ka’bino. I’Morocco, gang'kwan'mane tye’i'cing ngat'ma'nene lok'ma'dok i'kom'kwan (Morocco’s Ministry of Education); ma'pwonyo lok'ma'dok i'kom'lega'Cilam ki'Arab. I'kom’mane'bene, jo’UNESCO ki’Guinness World Records gi'coyo’kar'ne doki’gang'kwan ma'orii'ka'tic o'loyo’mo kiken’i'wilobo bene’ogwoko’doki kar'ma'pire'tek.
Kom'gang'gi, Fez'ni, la'coo ma'nyenge Idris me’ariyo'ni (Idris II) o’yabo i'mwoka miya-abiro-ki’pyer-aboro-wiye-abongwen (789 CE). O'yabo pyen’ngom'ne o’bedo dyere'ma twere'guro’jo'me ku'piny (sub-Saharan) me'Afrika, lobo'p'Arab (Cilam), ki’naam ma'gi'lwongo'ni Mediterranean’ni’duc. I'mwoka ma'romo miya'aboro (9th century), Fez obi'bedo'doki kar'ma’Idris o’tamo’ni bi’bedo’kar'ma guro'dano; adar’o’guro kaka'mapat'pat ki’Tunisa, Andalusia, ki'kar'ma'pol. Gur'magi ma'kaki mapat'pat o'nen’ni twero'guro i'Fez'ni, o'wake'kar'ne obi'nyute'rirye doki’kar ma’bi'twero guro'ngec mapat'pat.
Kwec'gi, gi’lwongo’ni Adwat al-Andalus (cwec’p'jo Andalus), Adwat al-Qarawiyyin (cwec'p'jo Qarawiyyin). Kar'bedo'ki cwec'magi o'guro bedo'p'kaki mapat'pat idi'Fez, caalo Arab, Imazighen, ki'jo’Andalus. En'i'kar'bedo’man ma'guro kaki'mapat'pat’gi, Fatima o'caake’ki tam'me’geto ot'lega ma'i'anyim bi’loke'doki gang'kwan ma'rii'ka guro'lo’tini'kwan ma'loyo'i'wilobo’duc’ni.
Pwony'ma'lotini kwan'ma'por ki'gang'kwan’mane kato'ki'iye kodo'ne’tero'kare pyen'jami'ma'beco'ne pol'atar; me'nyango'ne pire'tek'me ngiyo’kor'gi ki’kit'ma lo’tini'kwan'ne gi'bi'mako tic'gi'ma'cwing'gi'oyero. Lapor'ne en'obedo:
Ibn Khaldun (1332- 1406), laco'ma'pol'lo'kwan neno'doki won'kwan ma'gi’lwongo’ni sociology ki’historiography. O’kwano i’al-Qarawiyyin ma'pwod'bong o’caki'coyo'kitabu’ne ma'gi’lwongo’ni Muqaddimah, coc'ma'nyuto cake'ki'tur me'dongo'lobo ki'lok'ma'dok i'kom'kit'me'bedo kar'acel'i'kin'kaki (asabiyyah)—jami'ma'wa'i'caani pire'tek. Coc’ki'tam'ne obi'yabo'wang lo’coc’caalo Vico and Toynbee.
Ibn Rushd (Averroes, 1126–1198) kono’o’ribo ngec'p'munu ki'p’Cilam’kar'acel i'kom’pwony p'la’coo'ma gi'lwongo'ni Aristotle. Cungo'ne ma’o'cungo ma'tek i'kom'gwoko pwony'p'Aristotle’man; ma'o'nongo Al-Ghazali tye’ka'turo'ne, o’keto'en doki’ngat'ma'o'maro i'kare'gi'ma’con idi'Europe, i’nongo'kwede coc'ma'en o'kobo'obi'bedo jami'ma'lo'pwonyo i'cake me'gang'kwan idi’Europe.
Ot'kwan'me al-Qarawiyyin gwoko'kitabu'ma'kato elip'angwen (>4000), i'kom'kitabu'ne wa'twero'nongo Koran me'i’mwoka miya'aboro (9th Century) ki'coc'p'Ibn Khaldun ma’o'coyo ki'cinge ma'gi'lwongo'ni Muqaddimah; coc’ma'pwonyo lotini'kwan ki’wilobo'duc. Cok’cok'eni, i'mwoka elip-ariyo ki'apar-abicel (2016), mego’ma'gi’lwongo’ni Aziza Chaouni obi'nongo yoo'me'roco coc'gi ki'ot'kwan’ne kit'ma'o'nongo'tye kwede ‘i'kare’ma'con.
Yot'bot’wa me'tamo'ni pyen’al’Qarawiyyin o’bedo'gang'kwan, pol'jami'ne ma'beco en'o'bedo’jami ma'dok'i’kom’kwan kiken, ento, ka'wa'ngiyo’mot wa'twero’neno'ni pwony’me’al-Qarawiyyin o'loco'di Fez, lobo’me'Morocco, ki’lobo'p'Cilam’duc. Fez'o'bedo'kar ma'o'guro'kaka ki'dano ki'kar'mapat’pat o'weko'i'mwoka elip’apar-abongwen ki'pyer-aboro-wiye-acel (1981) ka'bedo'ne UNESCO o'keto’doki’kar'ma'myero’o’gwoki.
Kit'ma'nin wa’neno’ni gang'kwan'ni adar'o'guro lo’tino'kwan ki'kar’mapat'pat; pire'tek bene'me'ngeyo'ni gang'kwan'ne o'kelo'lo'lega ki'kar'ma'pat'pat bene, mokene’pe'lego lega'Cilam. Lapor'ne'en o'bedo'la'Judeyo ma'gi’lwongo’ni Maimonides ma'o'lego kar'acel'acel i'kom'o'megi'ne me'Cilam. I'kom'mane'bene la'dini me'lega p'Kristayo ma'gi’lwongo’ni Pope Sylvester me’ariyo (II) ma'o'tyego kwan'ne’i'Fez, o'kelo'kwan met (lamet; numerals) ma’kom'cani wa’tiyo’kwede, idi'Europe. Ribe'magi i'nongo’o'coyo i’kitab'caalo Jani Zahrat Al-As p'Al-Jaznai’ni ki’coc p'Roger Le Tourneau ma'nyuto'kit ma'gang'kwan'ni o'guro'lo'lega ki'dano ki'kar'mapat'pat.
I'kare'ma'French gi’temo'diyo'kwan'gi p'munu, al-Qarawiyyin o'kwero, ento'gi'mede ki'yer'dongo'lobo i'yoo'ma'bino kwede'mapat. I’mwoka’elip-apar-abongwen ki'pyer-abicel-wiye-adek (1963), gi'ribe'ki'dul'kwan me'Morocco; gi'mede ki'miyo’pwony ma'dok'i'kom cik'me'Cilam, lep'Araab, ki'jami'ma'dok i'kom science'gi. Gang'kwan’ni o’cungo’pi'kony ma'dano’miyo (waqf), ka'i'ngiyo’mot, gang'kwan ma'o'rii’i'lobo caalo'Oxford ki'Cambridge’gi, i’neno’rii’ne en'o'bedo i'yoo'acel’acel me’miyo'kony kit’ma’gi’pwonyo ki’al-Qarawiyyin’ni.
Al-Qarawiyyin nyuto'bot’wa teko’ma'dok i'kom’kwan ki'kit'ma kwan’loco ki'ribo'dano kar’acel ki'wi'lobo'duc. I'kom'gur ki’gwoko’ngec ma’con’ma’pire’tek al-Qarawiyyin'bene obi'kelo dongo'lobo i’lobo'Cilam ki'Europe. Yer'ma wi'lobo oyer’ni tye'doki kar'ma'myero ogwoki (UNESCO) ki’gang'kwan ma'o'rii’i’wilobo o'loyo'mo’kiken (Guinness World Records); nyuto’ni’ngec o'bedo'jami ma'ngat mo'kiken ki’wilobo'yengo pe'koyo'del'komi, lega'ni, onyo'kar ma'i'bino ki'iye.
I’agiki, al-Qarawiyyin o'cungo'doki gang'kwan ma'nyuto'mara ma'wilobo o'maro'ki'kwan; ki’yenyo’ngec ma'cwiny'gi o’cwayo'gin'iye. Bene'nyuto kit'ma I’mwoka miya'aboro-ki’pyer-abic-wiye-abongen (859 CE), pi’tela'p'Fatima, gang'me Fez'obi’guro'dano ki’kar'bedo'mapol. Pwony ma'o'pwonyo'iye, obi'bedo doki'pwony me'apora i'lok'ma'dok i'kom'jiri me'Cilam. I'kom'mane'bene, gwok'ma'gi'gwoko ki'pwony ma'con obi'yabo’yoo bot'muni ka’nongo’ngec i'kare'gi me'Renaissance (yabo'wang).
Cako'gang’kwan me’al-Qarawiyyin o'nyuto'rirye’ni Fatima’o'bedo ngat'ma’tamo pi'jami’me’anyim; pe'pi'en'kiken, ento'pi'kaka wa'dano'ma’nyen ma'bino'i'gang’gi me'Fez; i'nongo neno'ne ma'o’neno’jami me'anyim’o'weko kar'bedo'gi obi'guro lotini’kwan ki'kaki'mapat'pat.
Coc'mane'ni o'bedo coc'me'agiki i'lok'madok'i'kom jo'Morocco. Ageno'ni wa'ribe'i'kar ma'nyen i'coc'me'anyim.
Apwoyo,
Kémis [خميس], wIkM
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